Kronborg Castle is one of the most important Renaissance castles in Northern Europe and a designated UNESCO World Heritage site. Strategically located at the narrowest point of the Øresund sound between Denmark and Sweden, it has controlled the entrance to the Baltic Sea for centuries. While famous for its military significance, it is best known worldwide as Elsinore, the setting of William Shakespeare's tragedy, Hamlet.
The Sound Dues
The castle's history is inextricably linked to the Sound Dues (Øresundstolden). King Eric of Pomerania built the first fortress, Krogen, here in the 1420s to enforce the toll on all ships passing through the sound. In 1574, King Frederick II used the immense wealth generated by these tolls to rebuild the fortress into the magnificent Renaissance palace we see today. The dues were abolished in 1857, but for over 400 years, Kronborg was the symbol of Denmark's power over the seas.
Hamlet's Castle
Shakespeare never visited Helsingør, but his play Hamlet has made Kronborg a pilgrimage site for literature lovers. The castle embraces this legacy:
- Hamlet Live: During the summer, actors perform scenes from the play in the castle courtyard and halls, interacting with visitors.
- Shakespeare Festival: Every August, the castle hosts an open-air theater festival featuring productions of Shakespeare's works by international companies.
Holger Danske (Holger the Dane)
Deep within the castle's dark and damp casemates (underground passages) sleeps a legendary hero. A massive stone statue of Holger Danske sits there, arms crossed over his sword. According to legend, he is not dead but merely sleeping. If Denmark is ever in great danger, he will wake up to defend his country.
The Ballroom and Chapel
The interior of the castle reflects the lavish lifestyle of the Danish royal court.
- The Ballroom: Measuring 62 meters long, this was once the largest hall in Northern Europe. It features a stunning black and white marble floor and was the scene of extravagant banquets.
- The Chapel: One of the few parts of the castle to survive a devastating fire in 1629, the chapel retains its original Renaissance interior with intricate wood carvings and bright colors.
Visitor Tips
- The Casemates: Bring a flashlight (or use your phone) if you plan to explore the underground passages, as they are dimly lit and uneven.
- Views: From the cannon tower, you can see clearly across the sound to the Swedish city of Helsingborg, just 4 km away.
- Timing: Check the schedule for "Hamlet Live" performances if visiting in summer to get the full experience.